Four decades of Groningen production and pricing policies

Production and pricing policies in dual sourcing supply chains

We analyze optimal production and pricing strategies in the single period (newsvendor) dual sourcing problem that entails local and offshore suppliers. The local supplier is used reactively as an emergency source following the realization of random demand. A multiplicative demand model is employed. We show that dual sourcing flexibility may decrease optimal price when emergency supply cost is s...

Pricing policies

The Evolution of Rice Price Policies over Four Decades: Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines by

Using time series data over the past four decades, 1960s-1990s, this paper examines rice pricing policies in Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It analyzes the determinants of the paths along which these policies have moved. While this analysis confirms the findings of previous analyses, that price stabilization has been a major policy achievement, it also reveals that stabilization was ...

Four key decades

main greenhouse gas is continuing to increase in the atmosphere at an alarming rate. The level of the gas at the Zeppelin research station in Svalbard peaked at more than 397 ppm, an increase of more than 2.5 ppm on 2008. Carbon dioxide levels at Svalbard tend to be higher than the global average, but scientists said the carbon dioxide level they had measured was unprecedented, even for that lo...

Four Decades of Scientific Explanation

The search for scientific knowledge extends far back into antiquity. At some point in that quest, at least by the time of Aristotle, philosophers recognized that a fundamental distinction should be drawn between two kinds of scientific knowledge—roughly, knowledge that and knowledge why. It is one thing to know that each planet periodically reverses the direction of its motion with respect to t...